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Georgi Nikolov Delchev (Bulgarian/Macedonian: Георги/Ѓорѓи Николов Делчев, known as Gotse Delchev, also spelled Goce Delčev, Cyrillic: ''Гоце Делчев'', originally spelled in older Bulgarian orthography: ''Гоце Дѣлчевъ''; 1872–1903) was an important revolutionary figure in Ottoman-ruled Macedonia and Thrace at the turn of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of what is known today as Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), a paramilitary organization active in Ottoman territories on the Balkans, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. 〔, pp. 55-56 〕 Born in Kukush, then in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, in his youth he was inspired by the ideals of revolutionaries such as Vasil Levski and Hristo Botev, 〔Todorova, Maria N. ''Bones of Contention: The Living Archive of Vasil Levski and the Making of Bulgaria's National Hero'', Central European University Press, 2009, ISBN 9639776246, (p. 76. ) 〕 who envisioned the creation of a Bulgarian republic of ethnic and religious equality, as part of an imagined Balkan Federation. 〔Jelavich, Charles. ''The Establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804-1920'', University of Washington Press, 1986, ISBN 0295803606, (pp. 137-138. ) 〕 Delchev completed his secondary education in the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki and entered the Military School of His Princely Highness in Sofia, but he was dismissed from there, because of his leftist political persuasions. Then he returned to Ottoman Macedonia as a Bulgarian teacher, and immediately became an activist of the newly-found revolutionary movement in 1894. 〔Raymond Detrez Detrez, Raymond. ''The A to Z of Bulgaria'', Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 0810872021, p. 135. 〕 Although considering himself to be an inheritor of the Bulgarian revolutionary traditions, as a committed republican Delchev was disillusioned by the reality in the post-liberation Bulgarian monarchy. 〔 〕 Also by him, as by many ''Macedonian Bulgarians'', originating from an area with mixed population, 〔"The French referred to 'Macedoine' as an area of mixed races — and named a salad after it. One doubts that Gotse Delchev approved of this descriptive, but trivial approach." Johnson, Wes. ''Balkan inferno: betrayal, war and intervention, 1990-2005'', Enigma Books, 2007, ISBN 1929631634, p. 80. 〕 the idea of being ‘Macedonian’ acquired the importance of a certain native loyalty, that constructed a specific spirit of "local patriotism" 〔"The Bulgarian historians, such as Veselin Angelov, Nikola Achkov and Kosta Tzarnushanov continue to publish their research backed with many primary sources to prove that the term 'Macedonian' when applied to Slavs has always meant only a regional identity of the Bulgarians." ''Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996'', Chris Kostov, Peter Lang, 2010, ISBN 3034301960, p. 112. 〕 〔"Gotse Delchev, may, as Macedonian historians claim, have 'objectively' served the cause of Macedonian independence, but in his letters he called himself a Bulgarian. In other words it is not clear that the sense of Slavic Macedonian identity at the time of Delchev was in general developed." Moulakis, Athanasios. "The Controversial Ethnogenesis of Macedonia", ''European Political Science'' (2010) 9, ISSN: 1680-4333. p. 497. 〕 and "multi-ethnic regionalism". 〔"Slavic Macedonian intellectuals felt loyalty to Macedonia as a region or territory without claiming any specifically Macedonian ethnicity. The primary aim of this Macedonian regionalism was a multi-ethnic alliance against the Ottoman rule." ''Ethnologia Balkanica'', vol. 10–11, Association for Balkan Anthropology, Bŭlgarska akademiia na naukite, Universität München, Lit Verlag, Alexander Maxwell, 2006, p. 133. 〕 〔"The Bulgarian loyalties of IMRO's leadership, however, coexisted with the desire for multi-ethnic Macedonia to enjoy administrative autonomy. When Delchev was elected to IMRO's Central Committee in 1896, he opened membership in IMRO to all inhabitants of European Turkey since the goal was to assemble all dissatisfied elements in Macedonia and Adrianople regions regardless of ethnicity or religion in order to win through revolution full autonomy for both regions." Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Klaus Roth, Ulf Brunnbauer, LIT Verlag Münster, 2009, ISBN 3825813878, p. 136. 〕 He maintained the slogan promoted by William Ewart Gladstone, "Macedonia for the Macedonians", including different nationalities inhabiting the area. 〔, p. 56 〕 In this way, his outlook included a wide range of such disparate ideas as Bulgarian patriotism, Macedonian regionalism, anti-nationalism and incipient socialism. 〔 〕 As a result, his political agenda became the establishment through revolution of an autonomous Macedono-Adrianopolitan supranational state into the framework of the Ottoman Empire, 〔The earliest document which talks about the autonomy of Macedonia and Thrace into the Ottoman Empire is the resolution of the First congress of the Supreme Macedonian Committee held in Sofia in 1895. От София до Костур -освободителните борби на българите от Македония в спомени на дейци от Върховния македоно-одрински комитет, Ива Бурилкова, Цочо Билярски - съставители, ISBN 9549983234, Синева, 2003, стр. 6. 〕 as a prelude to its incorporation within a future Balkan Federation. 〔, pp. 27-28 〕 He revised the Organization's program, emphasizing the importance of cooperation among all ethnic groups in the territories concerned in order to obtain political autonomy. Delchev also lunched the establishment of a secret revolutionary network, that would prepare the population for an armed uprising against the Ottoman rule. 〔Detrez, Raymond. ''Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria'', Scarecrow Press, 2006, ISBN 0810849011, p. 135. 〕 However, he opposed the IMRO Central Committee’s plan for a mass uprising in the summer of 1903, favoring terrorist and guerilla tactics. Nevertheless, he was killed by an Ottoman unit in May. Thus the liberation movement lost its most important organizer, at the eve of the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising. Today Gotse Delchev is considered as a national hero in Bulgaria, 〔"One of IMRO’s leaders, Gotsé Delchev, whose nom de guerre was Ahil (Achilles), is regarded by both Macedonians and Bulgarians as a national hero. He seems to have identified himself as a Bulgarian and to have regarded the Slavs of Macedonia as Bulgarians." ''Encyclopedia Britannica online'', (article Republic of Macedonia, section: History, subsection: The independence movement. ) 〕 as well as in the Republic of Macedonia, where it is claimed that he was among the founders of the Macedonian national movement. 〔"''A more modern national hero is Gotse Delchev, leader of the turn-of-the-century Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which was actually a largely pro-Bulgarian organization but is claimed as the founding Macedonian national movement." Kaufman, Stuart J. ''Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War''. Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0801487366, p. 193. 〕 Despite such Macedonian historical interpretations, Delchev had Bulgarian national identity and viewed his compatriots as Bulgarians. 〔In his correspondence Gotse Delchev often states clearly and simply: "We are Bulgarians" (MacDermott 1978: 192, 273). 〕 The designation ''Macedonian'' according to the then used ethnic terminology included Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Turks, Vlachs, and Serbs, 〔Roumen Daskalov, Diana Mishkova. ''Entangled Histories of the Balkans'' Volume Two. BRILL, 2013, ISBN 9004261915, p. 503. 〕 〔"The IMARO activists saw the future autonomous Macedonia as a multinational polity, and did not pursue the self-determination of Macedonian Slavs as a separate ethnicity. Therefore, Macedonian was an umbrella term covering Bulgarians, Turks, Greeks, Vlachs, Albanians, Serbs, Jews, and so on." Bechev, Dimitar. ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Historical Dictionaries of Europe'', Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810862956, Introduction. 〕 and when applied to the local Slavs, it meant a regional Bulgarian identity. 〔''During the 20th century, Slavo-Macedonian national feeling shifted. At the beginning of the 20th century, Slavic patriots in Macedonia felt a strong attachment to Macedonia as a multi-ethnic homeland... Most of these Macedonian Slavs also saw themselves as Bulgarians. By the middle of the 20th. century, however Macedonian patriots began to see Macedonian and Bulgarian loyalties as mutually exclusive. Regional Macedonian nationalism had become ethnic Macedonian nationalism... This transformation shows that the content of collective loyalties can shift. Klaus Roth, Ulf Brunnbauer. ''Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Ethnologia Balkanica Series. LIT Verlag Münster, 2010, ISBN 3825813878, (p. 127 ). 〕 However, contrary to Bulgarian assertions, his autonomist ideas of a separate Macedonian (and Adrianopolitan) political entity, have stimulated the development of contemporary Macedonian nationalism. 〔Roumen Dontchev Daskalov, Tchavdar Marinov. ''Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies''. Balkan Studies Library, BRILL, 2013, ISBN 900425076X. (pp. 300-303. ) 〕 == Biography == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gotse Delchev」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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